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Business Logic / Control
Endless possibilities in data processing for your projects.
Types of Control Functions
An overview of the types of functions distinguished within Control.
Vector / Dynamic arrays
"last" (vector::last / dyn_*::last)
Returns a reference to the last element of the vector/dyn_*.

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Business Logic / Control
Endless possibilities in data processing for your projects.
- Introduction to CTRL
  An introduction to the product's own programming language Control(CTRL).
- Control Classes
  The overview of classes available in Control.
- Types of Control Functions
  An overview of the types of functions distinguished within Control.
  - Control Function - User Administration
  - Database functions
  - File functions
  - Data point functions
  - Selection and configuration dialogs
  - Vector / Dynamic arrays
  - Error functions
  - Window functions
  - Functions for bit32/bit64 variables
  - Functions for blob variables
  - Graphics functions
  - Communication functions
  - Multilingual functionality
  - Mapping functions
  - Mathematical functions
  - Multilingual functionality
  - Alert Handling Functions
    These functions are associated with data points and respond to alerts and changes to alerts.
  - MindSphere Connector Functions
  - Project administration functions
  - Query functions
  - Redu/Dist functions
  - Semaphore Functions
  - String functions
  - Threads
  - Vector / Dynamic arrays
    - "append" (vector:: append / dyn_*::append)
    - "at" (vector:: at / dyn_*::at)
      Returns a reference to the element at the given idx out of the vector/dyn_*.
    - "clear" (vector:: clear / dyn_*::clear)
      Empties the vector/dyn_*.
    - "contains" (vector:: contains / dyn_*::contains)
      Returns true if an element is equal to the given value or false if not found.
    - "count" (vector:: count / dyn_*::count)
      Returns the number of elements in the vector / dyn_*.
    - "first" (vector::first / dyn_*::first)
      Returns a reference to the first element of the vector/dyn_*.
    - "indexListOf" (vector::indexListOf / dyn_*::indexListOf)
      Returns a list of indexes at which the given value was found.
    - "indexOf" (vector::indexOf / dyn_*::indexOf)
      Returns the index of the first element which is equal to the given value. The search starts at the given index.
    - "insertAt" (vector::insertAt / dyn_*::insertAt)
    - "isEmpty" (vector::isEmpty / dyn_*::isEmpty)
      Returns true if the vector / dyn_* is empty.
    - "last" (vector::last / dyn_*::last)
      Returns a reference to the last element of the vector/dyn_*.
    - "prepend" (vector::prepend / dyn_*::prepend)
      Insets the given value as the first element of the vector/dyn_*.
    - "removeAt" (vector::removeAt / dyn_*::removeAt)
      Removes the element at given index. The vector /dyn_* has one element less after this.
    - "replaceAt" (vector::replaceAt / dyn_*::replaceAt)
      Replaces the value at the given idx position with the given value.
    - "sort" (vector::sort / dyn_*::sort)
      Sorts the array.
    - "takeAt" (vector::takeAt / dyn_*::takeAt)
      Takes the element at the given idx out of the vector/dyn_* and returns its value. The vector/dyn_* has one element less after this.
    - "takeFirst" (vector::takeFirst / dyn_*::takeFirst)
      Takes the first element out of the vector/dyn_* and returns its value. The vector/dyn_* has one element less after this.
    - "takeLast" (vector::takeLast / dyn_*::takeLast)
      Takes the last element out of the vector/dyn_* and returns its value. The vector/dyn_* has one element less after this.
    - "unique" (vector::unique / dyn_*::unique)
      Removes all duplicate elements in an array.
  - Administration of managers, modules and panels
  - Waiting Control functions
  - XML Control Extension
  - Time functions
  - Miscellaneous functions
  - Reference - Focus Policy
  - Input Recording Functions
  - Help Viewer Functions
    Available Functions for the Help Viewer.
- Control graphics
- CONTROL Functions
- CtrlExtension
  The CtrlExtension allows the addition of custom C++ code.
- CTRL Debugger
  You can use the CTRL debugger to debug the Control programming language. The debugger can be used via its own panel, which also enables the monitoring and setting of variable values during the execution of a script.
- SQL in CONTROL
  The database functions enable you to quickly carry out value queries on data points and elements.
- API Manager
  The WinCC OA API (Application Programming Interface) offers a number of functions adding special Managers to this process control system.
- NextGen Archiver Backend-API
  This chapter describes the NextGen Archiver Backend API
Data Visualization
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The process connection to the actual machines/sensors.
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Your portal to the cloud or supervising systems.
Web Connectivity / Network Interfaces
Data exchange, APIs and web technologies
User Management
All about authorization, authentication and login-customization.
Availability
How to get your system uptime to the maximum.
Reporting
Create state of the art project reports without limits.
Addons
Useful tools and enhancements for special demands.
Reference Tables
Detailed and extensive content for special project adaptation.
Videos & Tutorials
Explore the capabilities of WinCC OA with our carefully selected collection of video tutorials and guides.
WinCC OA Documentation
Basic information about terms and functions within the documentation.
Disclaimer
A brief clarification of liability exclusions or legal notices.

"last" (vector::last / dyn_*::last)

Returns a reference to the last element of the vector/dyn_*.

Synopsis

T& vector.last();

Parameters


Parameter	Description
-	-

Description

Assignment

Vector / dyn_*